Kuleli sonto, izicishamlilo ziqale zacela ukuhlolwa okuzimele kwe-PFAS, okuyikhemikhali ehlobene nomdlavuza emishinini, futhi bacela inyunyana ukuthi ilahle uxhaso lwabakhiqizi bamakhemikhali nemishini.
USean Mitchell, ukapteni woMnyango Wezomlilo waseNantucket, wasebenza nsuku zonke iminyaka eyi-15.Ukugqoka lelosudi enkulu kungamvikela ekushiseni namalangabi emsebenzini.Kodwa ngonyaka odlule, yena nethimba lakhe bahlangabezane nocwaningo oluphazamisayo: amakhemikhali anobuthi emishinini esetshenziselwa ukuvikela izimpilo angase abagulise kakhulu.
Kuleli sonto, uCaptain Mitchell namanye amalungu e-International Firefighters Association, inhlangano yezicishamlilo enkulu kunazo zonke e-United States, bacele izikhulu zenyunyana ukuthi zithathe izinyathelo.Banethemba lokuqhuba izivivinyo ezizimele ku-PFAS namakhemikhali ewasebenzisayo, futhi bacele inyunyana ukuthi isuse uxhaso lwabakhiqizi bemishini kanye nemboni yamakhemikhali.Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezizayo, kulindeleke ukuthi abamele amalungu angaphezu kuka-300,000 ale nyunyana bavotele isilinganiso—okokuqala ngqa.
"Sichayeka kulawa makhemikhali nsuku zonke," kusho uCaptain Mitchell.“Futhi lapho ngiqhubeka ngifunda, kulapho ngizizwa sengathi ngedwa owenza la makhemikhali athi la makhemikhali.”
Ngokukhula kwemiphumela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, ukuphepha kwabacimi bomlilo sekuyinkinga ephuthumayo okufanele ixazululwe.Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kukhuphule izinga lokushisa futhi kwabangela izwe ukuba libhekane nemililo ebhubhisa ngokwandayo, ebangela lezi zimfuno.Ngo-Okthoba, izicishamlilo eziyishumi nambili eCalifornia zafaka icala ngokumelene ne-3M, Chemours, EI du Pont de Nemours nabanye abakhiqizi.Ngonyaka odlule, kwashiswa irekhodi elingamahektha ayizigidi ezingu-4.2 kuhulumeni, kuthiwa lezi zinkampani zawenza ngamabomu amashumi eminyaka.Nokuthengiswa kwemishini yokucisha umlilo.Iqukethe amakhemikhali anobuthi ngaphandle kwesixwayiso ngengozi yamakhemikhali.
“Ukucisha umlilo kuwumsebenzi oyingozi futhi asifuni ukuthi izicishamlilo zethu zivuthe.Badinga lesi sivikelo.”kusho uLinda Birnbaum, owayengumqondisi weNational Institute of Environmental Health Sciences."Kodwa manje sesiyazi ukuthi i-PFAS ingasebenza, futhi ngeke isebenze njalo."
UDkt. Birnbaum wanezela: “Amapheshana amaningi okuphefumula ayaphuma angene emoyeni, futhi ukuphefumula kusezandleni zawo nasemizimbeni yawo.”“Uma begoduka bayogeza bazogoduka nePFAS.
I-DuPont ithe "idumele" ngabacimi bomlilo abafuna ukuvinjelwa uxhaso, futhi ukuzinikela kwabo kulo msebenzi "akunakunyakaziswa."I-3M ithe "inomthwalo wemfanelo" we-PFAS futhi iyaqhubeka nokusebenza nezinyunyana.UChemours unqabile ukuphawula.
Uma kuqhathaniswa namalangabi abulalayo, izakhiwo ezizungezwe intuthu noma izihogo zamahlathi lapho izicisha-mlilo zilwa khona, izingozi zamakhemikhali emishini yokucisha umlilo zibonakala ziphaphathekile.Kepha kule minyaka engamashumi amathathu edlule, umdlavuza usuyimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa kwezicishamlilo ezweni lonke, okubalelwa ku-75% wokushona kwabacishi bomlilo abasebenzayo ngo-2019.
Ucwaningo olwenziwa yiNational Institute of Occupational Safety and Health e-United States luthole ukuthi ingozi yomdlavuza wabacimi bomlilo ingaphezulu ngo-9% kunomphakathi jikelele wase-United States kanti ingozi yokufa ngenxa yalesi sifo iphezulu ngo-14%.Ochwepheshe bezempilo baveza ukuthi izicishamlilo zisengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza wamasende, i-mesothelioma kanye ne-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, futhi lesi sigameko asizange sehle, nakuba izicishamlilo zaseMelika manje zisebenzisa izikhwama zomoya ezifana nemishini yokutshuza ukuze zizivikele entuthuni enobuthi boMlilo.
UJim Burneka, isicishamlilo e-Dayton, e-Ohio, wathi: “Lokhu akukhona ukufa emsebenzini ongokwesiko.Izicishamlilo ziyawa phansi noma uphahla ludilike eduze kwethu.”Kuzwelonke Yehlisa ubungozi bomdlavuza kubasebenzi.“Lolu wuhlobo olusha lokufa ngendlela efanele.Kusewumsebenzi osibulalayo.Ukuthi sikhumule amabhuzu sashona.”
Nakuba kunzima ukusungula ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kokuchayeka kwamakhemikhali kanye nomdlavuza, ikakhulukazi ezimweni zomuntu ngamunye, ochwepheshe bezempilo baxwayisa ngokuthi ukuchayeka kwamakhemikhali kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza kubacishi bomlilo.Umlandu: igwebu elisetshenziswa izicishamlilo ukucisha amalangabi ayingozi kakhulu.Ezinye izifundazwe zithathe isinyathelo ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwazo.
Nokho, ucwaningo olwanyatheliswa ngonyaka odlule ngabacwaningi baseNyuvesi yaseNotre Dame lwathola ukuthi izingubo zokuvikela izicishamlilo ziqukethe inani elikhulu lamakhemikhali afanayo ukuze izingubo zokuzivikela zingangeni emanzini.Abacwaningi bathole ukuthi la makhemikhali awela ezingutsheni, noma kwezinye izimo athuthela oqwembeni lwangaphakathi lwejazi.
Izinto zamakhemikhali okukhulunywa ngazo zingezekilasi lezinhlanganisela zokwenziwa ezibizwa nge-perfluoroalkyl kanye ne-polyfluoroalkyl substances, noma i-PFAS, etholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo, okuhlanganisa amabhokisi okudla okulula nefenisha.I-PFAS ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi "amakhemikhali angunaphakade" ngoba awawonakali ngokuphelele emvelweni ngakho-ke ahlotshaniswa nemiphumela ehlukahlukene yezempilo, kuhlanganise nomdlavuza, ukulimala kwesibindi, ukuncipha kokuzala, isifuba somoya, nesifo se-thyroid.
UGraham F. Peaslee, uprofesa wokuhlola i-nuclear physics, chemistry kanye ne-biochemistry e-Notre Dame de Paris, ophethe ucwaningo, uthe nakuba ezinye izinhlobo ze-PFAS ziqedwa, ezinye izindlela azizange zifakazelwe ukuthi ziphephile.
UDkt. Peaslee wathi: “Lesi isici esiyingozi kakhulu, kodwa singayiqeda le ngozi, kodwa awukwazi ukuqeda ingozi yokugqekeza isakhiwo esishayo.”“Futhi abazange batshele izicishamlilo ngakho.Ngakho-ke bayayigqoka, bezulazula phakathi kwezingcingo. "Uthe."Lokho ukuxhumana kwesikhathi eside, lokho akukuhle."
UDoug W. Stern, umqondisi wezobudlelwane bemithombo yezindaba we-International Firefighters Association, wathi iminyaka eminingi bekuyinqubomgomo nomkhuba wokuthi amalungu agqoke izinto zokucisha umlilo kuphela lapho kuba nomlilo noma isimo esiphuthumayo.
Abaphathi beBiden bathi bazokwenza i-PFAS ibe yinto yokuqala.Emibhalweni yakhe yomkhankaso, uMongameli uBiden uthembise ukuqoka i-PFOS njengento eyingozi ukuze abakhiqizi nabanye abanukubeza bakhokhele ukuhlanza nokubeka amazinga kazwelonke wamanzi okuphuza amakhemikhali.I-New York, i-Maine ne-Washington isivele ithathe isinyathelo sokuvimbela i-PFAS ekufakweni kokudla, kanti okunye ukuvinjelwa kusendleleni.
"Kudingeka ukuthi kukhishwe i-PFAS emikhiqizweni yansuku zonke efana nokudla, izimonyo, izindwangu, amakhaphethi," kusho uScott Faber, iphini likamongameli omkhulu wezindaba zikahulumeni we-Environmental Working Group, inhlangano engenzi nzuzo ehlanganyela ekukhunjweni kwemvelo."Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphesenti labacimi bomlilo abadaluliwe liphezulu kakhulu."
Lon.URon Glass, umongameli we-Orlando Professional Fire Workers Association, ube yisicishamlilo iminyaka engu-25.Ngonyaka odlule, ababili babangane bakhe babulawa umdlavuza.Uthe: “Ngesikhathi ngiqashwa, imbangela yokuqala yokufa kwaba yingozi yomlilo emsebenzini kwalandela isifo senhliziyo.“Manje wonke umdlavuza.”
“Ekuqaleni, wonke umuntu wayesola izinto ezihlukene noma amagwebu ashile.Khona-ke, saqala ukuyitadisha ngokujulile futhi saqala ukutadisha imishini yethu yasendlini.”Uthe.“Umkhiqizi uqale wasitshela ukuthi akukho okubi futhi akukho okubi.Kuvele ukuthi i-PFAS ayigcini nje ngegobolondo langaphandle, kodwa futhi ngokumelene nesikhumba sethu olayini lwangaphakathi. ”
ULieutenant Glass nozakwabo manje banxusa i-International Firefighters Association (emele izicishamlilo kanye nabezimo eziphuthumayo e-United States naseCanada) ukuba yenze ezinye izivivinyo.Isinqumo sabo esisemthethweni sithunyelwe emhlanganweni waminyaka yonke wenyunyana kuleli sonto, baphinde bacela inyunyana ukuthi isebenzisane nabakhiqizi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ezinye izindlela eziphephile.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uCaptain Mitchell unxusa izinyunyana ukuthi zenqabe uxhaso lwesikhathi esizayo oluvela kubakhiqizi bamakhemikhali nemishini.Ukholelwa ukuthi le mali ibambezele izinyathelo kulolu daba.Amarekhodi akhombisa ukuthi ngo-2018, inyunyana yathola imali elinganiselwa ku-$200,000 ezinkampanini ezihlanganisa nomkhiqizi wezindwangu u-WL Gore kanye nomkhiqizi wemishini i-MSA Safety.
UMnu. Stern uveze ukuthi inyunyana isekela ucwaningo lwesayensi yokuchayeka kwe-PFAS ehlobene nezinto zikagesi ezicisha umlilo futhi isebenzisana nabacwaningi ezifundweni ezintathu ezinkulu, eyodwa ehilela i-PFAS egazini labacishi bomlilo, noyedwa ofunda ngothuli oluvela emnyangweni wezomlilo ukuze athole okuqukethwe kwe-PFAS, kanye ukuhlolwa kwesithathu kwemishini yokucisha umlilo ye-PFAS.Uthe le nyunyana iyabeseka nabanye abacwaningi abafaka izicelo zoxhaso lokufunda ngezindaba zePFAS.
U-WL Gore uthe uhlezi eqiniseka ngokuphepha kwemikhiqizo yakhe.AbakwaMSA Security abasiphendulanga isicelo sokuthi baphawule.
Esinye isithiyo ukuthi abakhiqizi bathatha isikhundla esibalulekile ku-National Fire Protection Association, eyengamele izindinganiso zemishini yomlilo.Ngokwesibonelo, ingxenye yamalungu ekomiti anomthwalo wemfanelo wokwengamela izindinganiso zezingubo zokuzivikela nemishini ivela embonini.Umkhulumeli wale nhlangano wathi la makomiti amelela “ukulinganisela kwezithakazelo, kuhlanganise nomnyango wezomlilo.”
Umyeni kaDiane Cotter uPaul, isicishamlilo eWorcester, Massachusetts, watshelwa eminyakeni eyisikhombisa edlule ukuthi unomdlavuza.Ube ngomunye wabokuqala ukuveza ukukhathazeka ngePFAS.Ngemva kweminyaka engu-27 yenkonzo, umyeni wakhe usanda kukhushulelwa esikhundleni sokuba yi-lieutenant ngo-September 2014. "Kodwa ngo-Okthoba, umsebenzi wakhe waphela," kusho uNksz Kotter.Kwatholakala ukuthi unomdlavuza.Futhi angikwazi ukukutshela ukuthi kushaqisa kanjani.“
Uthe izicishamlilo zaseYurophu azisasebenzisi i-PFAS, kodwa lapho eqala ukubhala abakhiqizi e-United States, kwakungekho "mpendulo."Uthe zibalulekile izenzo ezithathwe yinyunyana yize bese kudlule isikhathi kumyeni wakhe.UNksz Kurt uthe: “Okunzima kakhulu ukuthi akakwazi ukubuyela emsebenzini.”
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-04-2021